IN essence, the DM is caused by the hormone insulin that people with insufficient or ineffective so it can not work normally. In fact, in normal individuals, insulin has a major role regulate blood sugar levels; approximately 60-120 mg / dl in the fasting state, and below 140 mg / dl at two hours after meals.
There are two categories of DM are most common, namely type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes type 1, DM diidap by 5-10 percent of patients, usually occurs in children or young adults. While type 2 diabetes, DM diidap by 90-95 percent of all diabetics, increased in number, especially in minority populations.
Diabetes is found in all populations and age groups, but the increase in the number of patients in the elderly group (elderly) and people are black, Hispanic, Native American, and Asian people.
The Congressionally-Established Diabetes Research Working Group (1999) reported that although deaths from diseases of cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular tended to decrease since 1988, the death rate from diabetes increased by about 30 percent. Life expectancy of people with diabetes on average 15 years shorter than people who do not suffer.
In Indonesia, especially in urban communities, a prominent diabetes disease classified as current.
Waspadji study in 1982 found that there are 1.7 percent of diabetics in Jakarta, and in 1992 rose to 5.7 percent. Epidemiological studies in Depok 2001-cooperation Perkeni (Society endocrinologist Indonesia) and the Ministry of Health, the number of diabetics get 6.2 percent. (Kompas, 5 November 2001). Most cases of diabetes found in Manado in Indonesia which reached 6.1 percent. (Kompas, May 29, 2002).
Based on the record of WHO in 1998, the number of diabetics in Indonesia was ranked the 6th largest in the world after India, China, Russia, Japan, and Brazil. The number of diabetics in Indonesia is expected to increase to 12 million in 2025. An increase of 250 percent of 5 million people in 1995 was due to the increasing elderly population and changes in lifestyle, ranging from the type of food consumed to reduced physical activity.
For centuries, more than 400 plants successfully identified as a "cure" diabetes. In Europe, Asia and the Middle East, raw red onion has long been a favorite choice of food to control blood sugar. In Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Santo Domingo, pariah has been used widely as a "cure" for diabetes traditional.
Recent studies show that consumption of foods high in fiber, particularly soluble fiber, may improve control of blood sugar in type 2 diabetics. The study was conducted by Dr. Manisha Chandalia and colleagues from the Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
Efficacy of tolbutamide in the onion
Shallots have long occupied a prominent place in medical science as a "cure" diabetes. Modern studies show, the onion has a "strength" lowering blood sugar, and its hand at the levels found in food.
Indian researchers who conduct of onions, both in the form of juice and red onion "round" alias is still intact, amounting to 25-200 grams on the subject he studied, found that the more onion given, the greater the blood sugar is reduced. There was no difference between raw red onion and red onion that has been boiled.
According to the theory of the research team, red onion affect sugar metabolism in the liver, or metabolism of insulin release, and / or prevent the destruction of insulin. "Agent" who may have the ability to hypoglycemia, lower blood sugar levels, it is active allyl propyl disulfide and allicin. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that allyl propyl disulfide lowers blood sugar by increasing the "lifetime" (lifespan) of insulin.
In fact, as late as 1923, scientists detected the presence of depressor blood sugar in the onions, and in the 1960s, researchers succeeded in isolating the antidiabetic compound from the onion that works similar to the common antidiabetic pharmaceutical drugs, known as tolbutamide, which is often used to reduces blood sugar levels. How it works is that tolbutamide stimulates insulin synthesis and expenditures. In guinea pigs, red onion extract showed, 77 percent as effective as standard dose of tolbutamide.
The results of other studies have shown, red onions have the effect of lowering blood sugar and fat. Therefore, it is recommended to add the red onion into every meal. Shallots can be used after a meal in free number.
Soluble fiber in natural foods
High levels of blood sugar is a major problem in diabetes. Research proves that the fibers have a strong effect on blood sugar control.
In a study conducted Chandalia et al, 13 type 2 diabetics are asked to follow two diets, each for six weeks. The first diet is a diet containing moderate amounts of fiber (24 g total fiber, 8 g of soluble fiber and 16 g insoluble fiber), as recommended American Diabetes Association. Meanwhile, the second diet is a diet high in fiber (50 g total fiber, each 25 g of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber) containing the composition of the fiber-laden natural food.
Both diets, prepared in research kitchens, containing macro nutrients and energy are the same (see Table). Chandalia et al then compared the effects of two diets to control blood sugar and blood fat levels.
The result? -Patients with diabetes who consumed 50 g total fiber per day, equal to 7 to 8 servings of fruits and vegetables, high fiber diet, aka blood sugar levels have a lower and more stable than the patient-diabetics who consume moderate fiber diet. High-fiber diet also lowered total blood cholesterol level of about 7 percent.
How exactly the mechanism of consumption of foods high in fiber can improve blood sugar control, is unclear. However, it is thought to be caused by a type of soluble fiber gum and pectin can slow gastric emptying, and even slow or decrease the absorption of blood sugar.
Studies Chandalia et al also indicate that the intake (intake) are high in soluble fiber may be accomplished by eating natural foods laden fibers. Diets high in fiber and less side effects were well received by the patient. Therefore, to increase fiber intake, people with diabetes are encouraged to eat natural foods as compared with preparations loaded fiber or fiber supplements.
Fiber-laden foods that are used for high-fiber diet in the study Chandalia and friends is a dish of fruit cocktail, fresh oranges, fresh pineapple, fresh papaya, peaches (peaches) fresh cherries, fresh tomatoes, corn, zucchini, green beans, whole-wheat bread, and oatmeal (oatmeal and oat bran). Fruits, especially oranges and pineapple, green beans, and oatmeal is a reliable source of soluble fiber.
source : http://www.gizi.net/cgi-bin/berita/fullnews.cgi?newsid1044939377,80751,
Kompas, Selasa 11 Februari 2003
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